Regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) have crucial roles in the adaptive responses of bacteria to changes in the environment. Thus far, potential regulatory RNAs have been studied mainly in marine picocyanobacteria in genetically intractable Prochlorococcus, rendering their molecular analysis difficult. Synechococcus sp. WH7803 is a model cyanobacterium, representative of the picocyanobacteria from the mesotrophic areas of the ocean. Similar to the closely related Prochlorococcus it possesses a relatively streamlined genome and a small number of genes, but is genetically tractable. Here, a comparative genome analysis was performed for this and four additional marine Synechococcus to identify the suite of possible sRNAs and other RNA elements. Based on the prediction and on complementary microarray profiling, we have identified several known as well as 32 novel sRNAs. Some sRNAs overlap adjacent coding regions, for instance for the central photosynthetic gene psbA. Several of these novel sRNAs responded specifically to environmentally relevant stress conditions. Among them are six sRNAs changing their accumulation level under cold stress, six responding to high light and two to iron limitation. Target predictions suggested genes encoding components of the light-harvesting apparatus as targets of sRNAs originating from genomic islands and that one of the iron-regulated sRNAs might be a functional homolog of RyhB. These data suggest that marine Synechococcus mount adaptive responses to these different stresses involving regulatory sRNAs.
The Creator of Photoshop and effects 'Star wars', a specialist in the field of special effects John knoll (John Knoll) developed Knoll Light Factory to mimic the reflections from a very bright light source through the camera lens. It turned out to be one of the most popular plug-ins for Adobe Photoshop and After Effects. Knoll Light Factory goes far beyond the typical glare available in Photoshop, with more than 100 great presets, preview in real-time and 19 powerful tools to create your own effects! 1 Disconnect the Internet2 Run Effects Suite 10.0.2 32 or 64-bit3 tick - Knoll Light Factory for Photoshop4 In the Serial window-enter serial number and click Next5 tick Effects Suite for Photoshop CS6 (32 or 64-bit6 After the installation is complete , run Photoshop CS6 ,create a new image (fill in the black)go to filters , open - Red Giant Softwarecreate the effect , save!Select your picture and put it in your saved black background effect and the layer's blending mode, press Screen.
Red Giant Effects Suite 10.0.2 Serial Number
2ff7e9595c
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